Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Edward Waters College Admissions - ACT Scores, Costs...

Edward Waters College Admissions - ACT Scores, Costs... Edward Waters College Admissions Overview: Edward Waters Colleges affirmations are not exceptionally selectivestudents with strong evaluations and grades have a decent possibility of being admitted. In expansion to presenting an application (either on the web or through the mail), intrigued understudies should submit official scores from the SAT or ACT, and secondary school transcripts. For more data, make certain to visit the schools site; additionally, grounds visits are consistently welcome so imminent understudies can decide whether Edward Waters is a decent match. Confirmations Data (2016): Edward Waters College Acceptance Rate: 58%Test Scores 25th/75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 370/450SAT Math: 350/460SAT Writing: -/ - What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 15â /18ACT English: 12/17ACT Math: 15/17What these ACT numbers mean Edward Waters College Description: Edward Waters College is a four-year, private, generally dark school situated in Jacksonville, Florida. Established in 1866, it is the most seasoned private organization of advanced education in the state. EWC is associated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church and has more than 900 understudies bolstered by an understudy workforce proportion of 17 to 1. The school offers Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and Bachelor of Business Administration degrees in eight scholarly zones. Understudies remain dynamic outside of the study hall through taking an interest in a scope of understudy clubs and associations, just as intramural ball, volleyball, banner football, and Ping-Pong. The school additionally has a Greek framework with four sororities and five organizations. Varsity athletic groups contend in the NAIA Gulf Coast Athletic Conference, and the college’s volleyball, softball, baseball and women’s b-ball groups have every won title. EWC is pleased with its Tri ple Threat Marching Band, and The Best of Florida Schools 2005 named EWC’s Purple Thunder Dance Squad as the Best Non-Traditional Dance Squad. Enlistment (2016): All out Enrollment: 3,062â (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 46% Male/54% Female29% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Educational cost and Fees: $13,525Room and Board: $7,282Other Expenses: $4,276Total Cost: $25,083 Edward Waters College Financial Aid (2015â -16): Level of New Students Receiving Aid: 98%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 97%Loans: 74%Average Amount of AidGrants: $10,791Loans: $6,281 Scholarly Programs: Most Popular Majors: Biology, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Psychology Move, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time understudies): 57%Transfer Out Rate: 20%4-Year Graduation Rate: 8%6-Year Graduation Rate: 26% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports: Football, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball, Golf, BaseballWomens Sports: Basketball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Softball, Cross Country Information Source: National Center for Educational Statistics In the event that You Like Edward Waters, You May Also Like These Schools: Clark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbama State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBenedict College: Profile Albany State University: Profile University of Florida: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Miami: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphShaw University: Profile Savannah State University: Profile Florida International University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJacksonsville University: Profile Barry University: Profile

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Ambiguity of Afraid

The Ambiguity of Afraid The Ambiguity of Afraid The Ambiguity of Afraid By Maeve Maddox Jacqueline composes: I have an inquiry concerning a †¦particular expression, which can be perused in two diverse ways†¦:I am apprehensive I can't meet your necessities. As indicated by Jacqueline, the announcement was deciphered by its beneficiary to mean the that the essayist was taking the amenable method to state they needed to escape their commitments, when in truth the essayist wished to communicate the dread of something that this individual would not like to have occur (which means they were worried about the possibility that this was along these lines, however didn't need it to be the situation) and furthermore to pass on a certain solicitation for help (if you don't mind help me to conquer this dread.)  Jacqueline infers that Had the announcement been imparted orally†¦the significance would have been spoken with expression of the voice and other non verbal methods. The facts confirm that oral correspondence is helped by outward appearance and articulation that doesn't exist in composed articulation. Furthermore, the facts confirm that the word apprehensive can be utilized with more than one importance. The sentence in the inquiry, for instance can be translated to mean I can't meet your prerequisites (subsequently, I wont be working with you). or then again Im unsure concerning whether I will have the option to meet your necessities (along these lines, reveal to me more). In any case, orally or recorded as a hard copy, if the individual with whom the sentence began was searching for an occupation, the idea ought to have been communicated all the more legitimately. Worried is a descriptor that originates from an action word, afray, which means to startle. Apprehensive gets from the past participle structure. Until the late sixteenth century, Im apprehensive implied Im terrified. In the late sixteenth century, Im apprehensive came to mean I lament to state or I think, with no implication of dread. Ironicly, in a circumstance, for example, Jacqueline depicts, if the speaker or essayist really has a feeling of dread or second thought, it is presumably better to pick an articulation other than Im apprehensive. I dread, or Im stressed that may communicate the idea all the more obviously. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsThe Possessive ApostropheHow to Write a Proposal

Thursday, August 20, 2020

Were back and busier than ever but we havent forgotten COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Were back and busier than ever but we havent forgotten COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The halls at SIPA are eerily quiet.   While students and professors are away for the Winter Break, the Admissions Office is busily processing applications and answering your application questions. The phones have been ringing, emails are filling our inbox, and occasionally we receive visitors who find us tucked away on the 4th floor of the International Affairs Building.   For those who have not received a response from us regarding your application concerns, do not panic; we promise to respond.   And thank you for your patience as we get through the post-holiday week. Two tips for reaching us If you send us an email, please make sure your email address is visible to us (best to include it in your signature).   Also, check your Junk folder, sometimes our email responses end up there.   If you are leaving a voice mail, please speak clearly and leave your name and telephone number (repeat it twice) so we can return your call.   If we receive several related questions, we will post responses on the Admissions Blog so check in for updates. Application deadline with fellowship consideration is January 5th.   So a few inquiries about ones chance of being considered for a merit fellowship if all the recommendation letters are not received If you submit your application along with all the required documents minus your recommendation letters by January 5th, we will still review it for fellowship consideration; however, we will need to receive the reference letters before January 18th.   Keep in mind, you may still apply for a SIPA Named Fellowship due on February 22 (that requires a separate application and additional information) even if you miss the above deadline.   The Named Fellowships are additional funding opportunities outside the merit fellowship, which all applicants are automatically considered when they submit a completed application by January 5th. Good Luck!

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

What Is The Bill Of Right - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 755 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Bill Of Right Essay Did you like this example? What used to be a law to protect the nations security has now become a law to protect the nations right to kill. The Second Amendment, which states that â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed has sparked much debate in modern American government and society. Some argue that the Amendment has been distorted, which is the reason for the multiple mass shootings that have occurred in recent years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is The Bill Of Right?" essay for you Create order Others claim that the Second Amendment has not been changed and gives all citizens the right to own guns. However the Amendment is interpreted, its meaning at the time of its creation is significantly different from its meaning today. On September 3, 1783, America won a war for independence from Britain. While the victory was a cause for celebration, America was still facing a plethora of internal and external threats. Internally, the rise of Federalist and Anti-Federalist parties threatened to divide the nation, and the Haitian revolution had caused many Southern planters to fear that their slaves would follow suit. Additionally, as American expansion moved forward, conflict with Native Americans was proving troublesome. Externally, many European powers watched America struggle to form a stable, centralized government and predicted that the newly formed democracy would not last long. This prediction only increased the nations sense of vulnerability and fear of Imperialist takeover. All these factors led to the need for a standing army, with civilians ready to fight at any moment. As a result, the Second Amendment was drafted and approved in Kamerine wang CA December, 1791, the intention being that states could le gally supply their militias with arms in times of crisis. Today, however, state militias are no longer needed, as America has a stable government and military, and each state has ample law enforcement to keep communities safe. Because of this change, many believe that organizations like the National Rifle Association are misinterpreting the Second Amendment to promote gun lobby interests. But the 2008 District of Columbia v. Heller case proves otherwise. This case was the first to deliberate the scope of the Ves Second Amendment. A previous case had placed a ban on handguns and required that rifles and shotguns lawfully owned in the District of Columbia be kept unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock.† The Supreme Court, however, in the Heller case claimed that the ban on handguns violated the Second Amendment and concluded that U. S. citizens can possess firearms for lawful purposes even if those gun owners are unconnected to the militia. This ruling ends the dispute about owning firearms if an individual does not belong to a militia. Still, the Supreme Court has also made clear that the right is limited and requires regulation. The question now is how guns should be regulated and how the limits of the Second Amendment should be defined. Deciding upon the terms of American gun control, unfortunately, is a complex undertaking. How many gun laws can the government create that will not create an infringement of the peoples rights? John Paul Stevens, former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, was one of the dissenters in the ruling for the Heller Case. In 2014, he wrote an article for The Washington Post entitled â€Å"The five extra words that can fix the Second Amendment. Stevens suggested that the Second Amendment be phrased as â€Å"A well regulated Malerme wang CA Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms when serving in the Militia shall not be infringed. In March 2018, Stevens went a step further to suggest that the Second Amendment be repealed in the New York Times article John Paul Stevens: Repeal the Second Amendment. Whether the government rephrases or repeals the Amendment, the government will need to add regulations suc h as bans on military-like guns or stricter background checks in order to stop the vicious cycle of mass shootings and citizens defending their right to guns for self-defense. It is misleading to say that the Amendment is currently being misinterpreted. It is not; the constitutionality of private gun ownership is a matter already decided by the Supreme Court. Rather, the government and the public should focus more on how we can improve the Second Amendment and specify the limitations on the right to bear arms. Energy put into that pursuit would create a safer nation for us all.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Bases of Power and Their Effects on Employee Communication Free Essays

All major business organizations dealing with economic conditions of uncertainty, opportunity costs, and scarce or depreciating resources have to develop capital budgets. The three major steps to developing a capital budget are: conducting a decision analysis to establish a base for knowledge building, establishing option pricing to secure an accurately assessed market position, and creating discounted cash flow (DCF) for making appropriate investment decisions for the organization. No organization can manage capital projects by simply looking at the numbers of discounted cash flows. We will write a custom essay sample on Bases of Power and Their Effects on Employee Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now A financial analyst for any organization must look at the entire decision and assess all relevant variables and outcomes within an analytical hierarchy. Decision-making regarding capital budgeting is increasingly complex today because of uncertainty, particularly in the health care environment where safety assessments of pharmaceuticals, health care insurance allotments, and other factors may affect the future of the organization. All capital projects will involve numerous variables and possible outcomes—but health care perhaps more than most. (Evans, pp. 1-2) In the second phase of capital budgeting, financial management, or consideration of options within capital budgeting is called contingent claims analysis or option pricing. Timing (when to enter certain ventures), abandonment (what past ventures to discontinue) and growth (what ventures to expand upon) are all critical—one must ask such questions as, what aspects of health care in the organization are revenue-producing and/or necessary to the community, what areas are more necessary at certain times of year, and what can be discontinued? (Evans, p. 3) Discounting refers to taking a future amount and finding its value today. Future values differ from present values because of the time value of money. Financial management recognizes the time value of money because of inflation, uncertainty, and opportunity for investment. Thus, the more uncertain the economic environment or industry, the more necessary such revenue analysis becomes—and hence, once again, the necessity of such capital analysis for health care. Bibliography : Evans. Matt. H. (2003) â€Å"Course 3: Capital Budgeting. † Excellence in Financial Management: Professional Training Course Files. Retrieved 17 Apr 2005 at http://www. exinfm. com/training/pdfiles/course03. pdf How to cite Bases of Power and Their Effects on Employee Communication, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Ethics in Social Work Practice free essay sample

The term, ethics is defined as a set of moral principles and convictions about what is right versus wrong, and the consequent behavior of an individual, group, profession, or culture. And the term values are an integral part of social work education, the educational background of practitioners may also influence the use of a decision-making process. The NASW has an established Code of Ethics, (1996) for the profession. And the code applies not only to social workers but also to social work students. In addition, social worker must follow the Code regardless of the professional functions they perform, the setting they work in, or the populations they serve. The Code summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the profession’s core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that you should use to guide your social work practice. And the primary mission of the social work profession according to the Code, is â€Å"to enhance the human well-being and help meet basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty†(p. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics in Social Work Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1). The six core values of the profession relate to service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, the importance of human relationships, integrity and competence. Therefore, social workers should always use these principles and standards to guide their decision-making in professional situations involving matters of ethics. When making decisions in such matters your primary source should be the Code of Ethics, In addition, you should also consider other sources of information, such as ethical theory, social work theory, relevant laws and regulations, your agency’s policies, other codes that apply, when necessary, any moral-professional judgments that you need to make in order to fully examine the issue at hand. Therefore the Code’s principles and standards should guide in the professional relationship with those you serve, your colleagues, your employers, other individuals and professions, and the community and society as a whole. The Code of Ethics obliges a social worker to ensure due consideration in the best interest of the clients and that their primary duty is to advance the well-being of the clients. Thus, when applying the Code, the social work need to take into consideration the specific nature of the situation, as well as recognize that conflicts are present, among the Code’s specific principles and standards. Therefore, the need to apply an educated judgment. For instances, when deciding an ethical issues, the context will often determine which principles or standards apply as well as how to apply them. As a social worker, one must comply with the regulations, policies, and procedures of the agency, organizations, and voluntary associations you work with . And as a social worker, in the jail system, I have been confronted with the ethical dilemma, but I always apply the policy and procedure of the agency to influence my sense of judgments toward the discharge of my duties. For example, my faith, and, culture is not receptive to homosexual, whereas the policy does not discriminate against any inmate, and as such all should be treated equally, fairly, and, in a consistent manner. In addition, the core value of the social work practice, which centers on helping the vulnerable members of the society influences the cause of my work. Therefore, social worker’s values and ethics are intended to help practitioners recognize the morally correct way to practice, and to decide how to act correctly in specific professional situations. As ethical dilemmas are typically defined in terms of competing values, the internalization of professional values should lead a social worker to identify readily ethical issues when confronted with conflicting values and use those conflicting values as a way to initiate ethical discussion and deliberation.

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Faerie Queen And Love Essays - Literature, Fiction,

Faerie Queen And Love As we have discussed in class, there are several different types of love. And in identifying the perils of "inventing" love in The Faerie Queen, many of these kinds of love can be related. In addition to the romantic love that Spencer and the Redcrosse Knight invent, one also must consider the love for faith and God. Throughout the book, most of the problems that Spencer and the Redcrosse night with inventing love stem from the fact that they are doing it in a physical sense. The Knight's service to a lady can be looked at as nothing more than submission to her desires. There is always a hidden anxiety inside in proving oneself to be a worthy knight, driven by male ego. His lady sad to see his sore constraint, Cride out, "Now now Sir knight, shew what ye bee, Add faith unto your force, and be not faint: Strangle her, else she sure will strangle thee." [I,1,163-66] The knight is eager to prove himself to the lady and save himself from shame; he is not about to show weakness and defeat to a lady cheering him on: That when he heard, in great perplexitie, His gall did grate for griefe and high disdaine, And knitting all his force got one hand free. [I,1,167-69] Spencer has conjured up this idea of chivalric service, yet he fails to keep selfishness and narcissism from getting in the way. Through this, the childlike need of the male to have a woman come back in his life and guide him is apparent. Thus, the Redcrosse Knight invents love around his submission to the needful lady. Let fall her eyen, as shamefast to the earth, And yeelding soft, in that she nought gain-said, So forth they rode, he feining seemly merth, And she coy lookes: so dainty they say maketh derth. [I,2,240-243] Having done this, the Knight has in essence obeyed his own erotic desires and therefore sinned by making himself vulnerable to deception. This is where we can tie in Christian love. Aside from the obvious allusions to Christian religion and Roman Catholic fallacies, Spencer includes his own invention of love for Christianity and faith. The Redcrosse Knight represents the individual Christian, on the search for Holiness, who is armed with faith in Christ, the shield with the bloody cross. He is traveling with Una, whose name means "truth". For a Christian to be holy, he must have true faith, and so the plot of the book mostly concerns the attempts of evildoers to separate the Knight from Una. For of devotion he had little care, Still drownd in sleepe, and most of his dayes ded; Scarse could he once uphold his heavie hed, To looken, whether it were night or day: May seeme the wayne was very evill led, When such an one had guiding of the way, That knew not, whether right he went, or else astray. [I,4,165-171] These difficulties faced by the Redcrosse Knight in staying with Una reflect our own difficulties in staying true to our faith. Faithlessness, despair, pride, the seven vices, and evil are all personified in the book; yet it seems that at the most difficult and trying times, the Knight is saved. This shows the Christian individual's need for God's aid. "eternal God that chaunce did guide" [I,11,402] No matter how well a Christian is equipped or prepared, he is no match for sin and death without the undeserved grace of God. All of these allegories make up Spencer's invention of love for God. He sees it as a constant struggle against temptation and evil, which in the end creates a closer relationship with faith and with God.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Title IX essays

Title IX essays In the beginning of the 1970s, there was an enormously growing frustration among the female athletes in the United States. A majority of both public schools and universities did not offer any type of competitive athletic programs for females. Most didnt even go as far as having intramural athletics for its female athletes. Urban myths at the time suggested that women should not play sports. They were instead intended to take on the role of mother, wife, and homemaker. To help young girls more appropriately adapt to this role learning how to cook and sew, playing with dolls, and playing house were all encouraged. Some girls who did not fit into this stereotype were negatively stigmatized with such damaging remarks as tomboy, and lesbian. But in the early 1970s these negative stereotypes were starting to change as the womens rights movement started to become stronger and stronger. Eventually the womens movement sent a ripple effect into the world of sports. This movement however was not seen in favorable light by many males. Institutions would open only partially open the door for womens athletics in order to avoid negative sanctions by the government. But, after many years of this openly sexist system, schools started to fund womens programs. Right around this time is where Title IX was passed in Congress. Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 stipulated that no individual shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education al programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance(Eitzen 176). When Title IX was passes it received an unusually quick and violent reaction from the male-dominated athletic arena. One of the biggest protesters was Father Edmund Joyce of Notre Dame University. When it was first passed he called the amendment asinine(185). There were other pr...

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Technology and Children Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and Children - Coursework Example involves preparation of the lessons on a computer, teaching the children from the same screen with comfort, taking exams and record keeping on the progress of the children from their tests (Lindsay Daugherty, 2015). In addition note that the teachers are constantly monitoring the use of the media and controls the use. For example to limit the total time exposure behind the computer screen, the teacher will ensure constant breaks and involvement with other activities off the computer and other aids. To the parents who have children that have a disability that require special needs, there is a program apart the traditional system of education that that works well with them. Computer-based technologies have enhanced ability to participate fully in the classroom environment. The ability to undertake training as the other children do is their right and the government played their part in introducing technology learning. The technology has broadened the range of educational activities so that the needs of children with gentle learning disorders are covered. It has also enhanced the activeness of those students with severe disorders through adaptive technology along with those that have no disability in the classroom (Lindsay Daugherty, 2015). Computer technology plays a vital role in the promotion of education of the infants have the need that require particular attention within the classroom. Using a computer such as in word processing, communication, researching, and performing of the multimedia projects helps more students through learning and emotional disorders to be at the par with their fellow students. Development of the sophisticated devices in computer technology has assisted a bigger number of pupils with more complicated disorders to overcome extensive limitations that obstruct them from classroom participation (Lindsay Daugherty, 2015). Training the teachers and those that are mandated to offer this education to be well equipped with this computer

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Beat Generation and the Sixties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Beat Generation and the Sixties - Essay Example They were a postwar generation, and the war had made them weary and long to escape. They turned to inner examination in the form of literature, to drugs and in some cases to crime. It was this emotion and the desire to escape from the bounds of life and society that paved the way for the cultural revolution of the 1960s. The 1960s were a decade of social and cultural change, commonly known for indulgence and excess, as well as the disregard for many of social norms of the time. Two different impulses drove the youth of the sixties, the spiritual and the desire for revolution. Both of these impulses can be tied back to the Beat Generation. The term Beat was first used by writer Herbert Huncke who picked it up in Chicago. In that context, beat was used to describe the condition of travelers who had been travelling for a long time. However, it was the phrase â€Å"I guess you might say we’re a Beat Generation† made by Jack Kerouac and quoted by writer John Holmes that make the term popular . Members of the Beat Generation were far from the stereotypical American, and as such, they challenged the perceptions of those around them. They were considered to be interested in the extremes of life, too independent and intent to be taken seriously by their elders or society around them . Television and magazines depicted the Beats as rebels , and to many extents they were. Although there was no universal politic for the Beat Generation, it could generally be considered a worn down culture, rubbed raw from repeated use and abuse and tired of the rigidly of society around them. Many used drugs as a means of escaping the confines of society and those that broke laws showed little to no guilt about doing so . The Beat Generation had either fought or witnessed the Second World War, and years of fighting, hardship and loss had led to many angry at the cost of victory and tired of the violence of war . These two factors combined in the sixties to produce a generatio n that saw war as a waste of lives and was tired of the oppressive nature of government. The Vietnam War had been in operation since 1955 however, it was early in the sixties that the war became especially prevalent. In addition, the Bay of Pigs, a failed attempt at overthrowing the Cuban government occurred in 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962. All of these events considerably grew the antiwar sentiment among the population resulting in a change from the non active Beat Generation, that did not get politically involved, to the anti-war protests of the hippie era. The same can be seen in regards to the environment. The desire to defend the environment was prominent among many members of the Beat Generation, yet other members of the generation had no interest in it . In addition, some of those interested in environmental conservation did not wish to identify with the Beat Generation label. This desire to protect the environment grew from the Beat Generation, inspirin g a save the environment movement within the sixties. Thus, while both the Beat Generation and those from the sixties had many of the same values, these grew from a more theoretical base within the Beats to something that was applied actively through protests and movements. The American Dream, prosperity and security appeared readily available in the 1950s, but not so for the Beat

Monday, January 27, 2020

Traditional Digital Infrastructure

Traditional Digital Infrastructure Introduction As time goes on, our clubs are expected to have more and more of an online presence. This is especially true for those university organizations that are technology oriented. People expect us to have our own website, email, calendar and other services. Traditionally, having all these services can be costly and time consuming. However, using virtualization, many of these problems can be mitigated. In this paper we will discuss the problems faced by university organizations (thus giving us critereon for our solution), and walk through the best solution for virtualization. After reading this paper, you will fi the best solution for your specific organization. Problem With Having A Traditional Digital Infrastructure You may not think it affects your organization, but increasingly it is expected of us to have digital infrastructures. Part of maintaining a professional organization or student organi- zation with credibility is having an online presence (websites, emails, calendars, etc). This faces us with many new problems that come with having a digital infrastructure: cost, time needed, complexity, and security. Cost of Maintaining a Traditional Digital Infrastructure Traditional digital infrastructures require organizations to have servers, networking capabil- ities, and public domain names. Servers can be made out of almost any computer; however, for it to be reliable for your users it should be a dedicated and powerful machine. This is usu- ally in the form of a server blade; which can cost anywhere between $380[1] and $45,751.95[2]. Similar costs are found when buying networking equipment such as routers, switches, hubs, networking cable, etc. Then to top it all off you need a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) for people to fi your website and email. This cost is usually minimal: usually are around  $20 or so. In the end, it all adds up and can be very costly. Time Needed to Setup and Maintain a Traditional Digital Infrastructure Not only does it cost money to buy equipment, it costs time. The fi thing that has to be done is determining the specifications of the server(s) and networking equipment you need. After your organization has determined this, someone needs to search the web for the servers and networking equipment that meets these specifications for the lowest price. Then, if your universitys student clubs are organized anything like Virginia Techs, your club needs to request the funds to do so and justify it. Now, you have acquired the server and networking equipment; but, that isnt the end of your time commitment. Next step is to set it all up; which takes, someone who knows what they are doing, a few days. The servers are all set up and networked; it is time to put them on the internet. Someone needs to buy a FQDN, and assign it to the IP addresses of your servers. After all is said and done, the servers are up and running. However, this is only the beginning. As time goes on you will need to update the servers, fi errors, and change configurations based on your needs. As you can see, having a traditional digital infrastructure is very time consuming. Complexity Maintaining a Traditional Digital Infrastructure As stated in the above section, there is quite a bit of maintenance that needs to be done to servers and networking equipment: updating, debugging errors, configuring, etc. There are many diff t ways to go about doing these tasks; however, they are outside the scope of this paper. No matter the way to complete these tasks, you need to worry about the complexity of these methods. Most methods require someone who has worked in a command line interface (CLI). Otherwise, it is necessary to fi or build a graphical user interface (GUI) that everyone can understand. Making it simple to complete these tasks is important; the officers that take over after you need to be briefed on it. If it is not simple, they will probably not follow it. It will become broken, no one will use it, or even worse it could be hacked and used for malicious purposes. Simplicity is key when it comes to keeping things running smoothly. Securing A Traditional Digital Infrastructure The fi problem, but not the least important, is securing the digital infrastructure you have created. There are many people out there who would love to have the power of your server at their disposal. To keep them from gaining control of your systems it takes time, adds complexity, and may increase costs. Securing them requires someone with the time and mindset to keep up with current vulnerabilities, monitor the systems, keep them updated, and configure them. Therefore this needs to be someone who is either willing to learn, or knows what he/she is doing. This is a big and multifaceted area of the digital world, and cannot be delved into in this paper; but, it should never be taken lightly. Virtualization: The New Digital Infrastructure There is a better way to go about creating a digital infrastructure: virtualization. Virtu- alization allows you to use one server to create many virtual servers within it. All these servers are managed by what are called hypervisors. There are many companies that even provide virtualization in what is called Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Amazon Web Ser- vices, Rackspace, SoftLayer, and DigitalOcean (to name a few). We will be excluding these from our virtualization solutions in this paper as we are focused on hosting our own digital infrastructures. There are two types of hypervisors: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the hardware of the server; whereas, type 2 hypervisors run inside of an Operating System (OS)[3]. Type 1 hypervisors allow us to virtualize our services as if they were on their own physical servers and are largely more efficient than their type 2 counterparts. Type 2 hypervisors on the other hand, usually have well thought-out, and easy-to-use GUIs. As part of our critereon we are looking to reduce cost, increase fly (decrease com- plexity), and increase security. This is achieved by using type 1 hypervisors which are both efficient in their usage of server resources, but also in their programming itself: fewer lines of code means less vulnerabilities. By using up less resources, we are able to provide more services (or better services) with fewer servers thus lowering costs. Out of these type 1 hypervisors, we are looking for the cheapest ones. There are many projects via open source that provide free hypervisors. In addition, some companies have made versions of their en- terprise hypervisors free for people to use/try. This leaves us with a few options at this point: KVM, Xen, Citrix XenServer, VMWare ESXi, and Microsoft Hyper-V. The next critereon was the time necessary to setup and maintain this digital infrastructure. Naturally by using virtualization we have reduced the number of physical servers to take care of. All of the above hypervisors have large wikis and support communities[4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. However, two of these communities VMWares and Microsofts arent as varied as those of the OpenSource community, and must be paid for to get quality customer support. Our second to last critereon was the complexity of the solution. From personal experience, all three of these solutions are very simple. However, not all three are very fl Citrix XenServer is OpenSource, but requires a host OS of Microsoft origins. This means one would have to have Windows installed on the server. Thus reducing the amount of fl y one has with the configuration of the server. The other two, KVM and Xen, are both OpenSource and Linux based: allowing for the most customizability. Xen used to be the best type 1 hypervisor in use, and is still used by major companies such as AWS[13]. However, recently Linux has been moving further and further away from Xen. From my experience, it has been relatively diffi to get an up-to-date version of Xen running on many Linux distros that are supported. This is not a problem, as KVM is absolutely comparable, and was recently added into the Linux kernel. Thus, KVM can be used on any base Linux distro and can  even run Windows OSes, Linux, and with some tweaking Mac OSX. Finally, security is our last critereon. As discussed, the fewer lines of code, ostensibly the more secure the hypervisor is. Looking at Xen and KVM, both have extremely small amounts of base code; however, KVM, being part of the linux kernel, is smaller. It is also more integrated into the most secure part of the Linux OS, and is thus considered more secure. In addition, both are OpenSource, allowing them to be reviewed by hundreds of thousands of people. Thus security is inherent with these two hypervisors. Conclusion University Clubs are requried increasingly to have digital infrastructures for websites, email, and calendars. However, creating and maintaining traditional infrastructures is costly, time consuming, diffi and can be insecure. Virtualization has become the best way for com- panies and clubs to provide a digital infrastructure in the most efficient and cost effective manor. More specifically for clubs, KVM seems to be the best solution, and the easiest to implement on a server. References [1] Server Supply, IBM7870G2ABLADECENTERHS22-1XINTELXEONQUAD-COREE5620/2.40GHZ,6GBDDR3RAM,GRAPHICMATROXG200EV,GIGABIT ETHERNET,BLADESERVER.NEW.INSTOCK., ServerSupply.com, Inc., January 11, 2017. [2] Neobits, CiscoUCS-SP7-B200-VCiscoB200M3BladeServer2xIntelXeonE5-2640v2Octa-core(8Core)2GHz128GBInstalledDDR3SDRAMSerialAttachedSCSI(SAS)Controller0,1RAIDLevels2ProcessorSupport768GBRAMSupport 10Gigabit, Neobits, Inc., January 11, 2017. [3] IBM, Hypervisors,virtualization,andthecloud:Learnabouthypervisors,systemvirtu-alization,andhowitworksinacloudenvironment, ibm.com, January 11, 2017. [4] Debian, KVM, wiki.debian.org, January 11, 2017. [5] Canonical, KVM, wiki.ubuntu.com, January 11, 2017. [6] Arch, KVM, wiki.archlinux.org, January 11, 2017. [7] Xen Project, MainPage, wiki.xen.org, January 11, 2017. [8] Citrix, MainPage, wiki.xenserver.org, January 11, 2017. [9] Debian, Xen, wiki.debian.org, January 11, 2017. [10] Arch, Xen, wiki.archlinux.org, January 11, 2017. [11] VMWare, vSphereHypervisor, vmware.com, January 11, 2017. [12] Microsoft, Hyper-V, technet.microsoft.com, January 11, 2017. [13] eWeek, AmazonRebootsCloudServerstoPatchXenHypervisor, QuinStreet Enter- prise, January 11, 2017.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

Set in the French Quarter of New Orleans during the restless years following World War Two, A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE is the story of Blanche DuBois, a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate prowl for someplace in the world to call her own. After being exiled from her hometown of Laurel, Mississippi for seducing a seventeen-year-old boy at the school where she taught English, Blanche explains her unexpected appearance on Stanley and Stella's (Blanche's sister) doorstep as nervous exhaustion. This, she claims, is the result of a series of financial calamities which have recently claimed the family plantation, Belle Reve. Suspicious, Stanley points out that "under Louisiana's Napoleonic code what belongs to the wife belongs to the husband." Stanley, a sinewy and brutish man, is as territorial as a panther. He tells Blanche he doesn't like to be swindled and demands to see the bill of sale. This encounter defines Stanley and Blanche's relationship. They are opposing camps and Stella i s caught in no-man's-land. But Stanley and Stella are deeply in love. Blanche's efforts to impose herself between them only enrages the animal inside Stanley. When Mitch -- a card-playing buddy of Stanley's -- arrives on the scene, Blanche begins to see a way out of her predicament. Mitch, himself alone in the world, reveres Blanche as a beautiful and refined woman. Yet, as rumors of Blanche's past in Laurel begin to catch up to her, her circumstances become unbearable. Characters: Blanche Dubois: Blanche Dubois is the older sister of Stella Kowalski who visits them in New Orleans and stays throughout the summer. She was a schoolteacher of English in Mississippi and presents herself as very prim, proper, and prudent. Her name is French and she says, 'It [Dubois] means woods and Blanche means white, so the two together mean white woods. Like an orchard in spring!' (Act III, pg. 177). She was married to a young man named Allan, who committed suicide when she was very young. She drinks and smokes and tells lies. She suffers from continual delusions of hearing polka tunes and gunshots. Stella loves her dearly, but Stanley is in direct opposition to her false appearance and selfish attitude. Blanche cannot be around direct light and is overly concerned with her appearance, accessories, bathing, and age. She has a brief romance with Mitch and is later committed to a mental institution. Stanley Kowalski: Stanley is Stella's strong and good-looking husband.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Genetic explanations Essay

Genetic explanations for the Initiation of addictions Heritability of addictions such as alcoholism and gambling can be studied through family and twin studies. The presumptions of twin and family studies are that if family members share similar behaviours, then the degree to which the behaviours are caused by genetic factors can be examined. There are two types of twins, identical and non-identical. Identical twins are monozygotic (MZ) as they came from the same egg, and therefore share an identical set of genes. Non-identical twins are dizygotic (DZ) as they come from two different eggs that were fertilised at the same time, and as a result their genes are no more alike than any brother or sister’s. Twins can also differ in the environment that they are brought up in. Some twins may, rarely, be separated at birth and therefore have very different upbringings. If researchers are able to find MZ twins who have been raised apart (i.e. same genes but different environments) then they will be able to distinguish between the influenc e of genes and environment on a certain behaviour. If MZ twins who have been raised apart booth show the same behaviour, then the behaviour is probably genetic; but if only one of them has that behaviour then it may well be caused by the environment. The degree to which twins and family members share a behaviour is termed a concordance rate, with 1 (or 100%) being entirely genetic, and 0 (or 0%) being entirely environmental. McGue (1999) found a concordance rate of 50-60% for alcohol addiction, and Agrawal & Lynskey (2006) found a concordance rate of 45-79% for addiction to illicit drugs. This means that just over half of the factors that cause addiction to alcohol are genetic in origin, as are half to three-quarters of the factors causing addiction to illegal drugs. A problem with this conclusion, however, is that the genetic link may be for behaviour disorders rather than addiction, and these behaviour disorders may manifest as many antisocial behaviours including alcohol and drug use. The sensitivity of the dopamine system is one biological explanation for the imitation, maintenance and relapse of addictive behaviours (see below), and so it would make sense for researchers to look for genes that are responsible for causing particularly sensitive or insensitive dopamine systems. One such gene is called the DRD2 gene (or dopamine receptor density 2 gene). The DRD2 gene codes for the number of dopamine receptors available in the mesolimbic dopamine system. A person with fewer dopamine receptors is  unable to ‘feel’ the effect of dopamine as well as someone with a higher number of dopamine receptors, and so needs higher levels of dopamine to produce the same effect as a person with more dopamine receptors. People with the DRD2 A1 variant of the gene have fewer dopamine receptors, and also seem more vulnerable to addictions. Evaluation for genetic explanations of addictive behaviour Genetic inheritance may explains individual differences in addiction Genetic inheritance can, through the diathesis-stress model, explain why some people become addicted whereas others in the same environmental situation do not. The diathesis-stress model is the idea that a genetic vulnerability may manifest in the right circumstance – e.g. if a person who is susceptible to becoming addicted, due to their genetic inheritance, is suffering from some form of stress or boredom due to environmental factors, then they may partake in an addictive activity. However this is a very deterministic view of human behaviour that ignores environmental factors, as not all people with the A1 variant of the DDR2 gene become addicted even if they partake in a potentially addictive activity. Inconsistent research findings linking specific genes to addictions Noble (1998) found support for the DRD2 A1 gene being linked to alcoholism (the gene was found to be carried by 48% of severe alcoholics, 32% of less severe alcoholics, and 16% of non-alcoholic controls), but many other studies have failed to find such a link. Specific genes are linked to other disorders as well as addiction The DDR2 A1 gene is also common in people with autism and Tourettes, as well as in people with addictions. Autism and Tourettes sufferers are not pleasure seekers and do not tend to suffer from addictions, and so the link between the A1 variant of the DDR2 gene and addictions is unclear and far more complex than simply claiming that the gene causes addiction. The dopamine model of addiction Initiation of addictive behaviour: Dopamine is released in the mesolimbic dopamine system of the brain, to signal reward and pleasure. If a behaviour causes dopamine release then the brain knows to â€Å"do it again† – e.g. eating, drinking, keeping warm, having sex – these are adaptive behaviours in evolutionary terms as they help an  organism/species to survive in its environment. Unfortunately other non-adaptive behaviours (i.e. behaviours that do not necessarily aid survival) can release huge amounts of dopamine (e.g. gambling and drug taking). Certain chemicals (e.g. amphetamines, alcohol, cocaine) can directly cause huge amounts of dopamine to be released. The effect of this dopamine release is to tell the brain that the behaviour is desirable and that it should seek to DO IT AGAIN! And according to incentive sensitisation theory, desire for the rewarding substance or behaviour persists even in the absence of the substance or behaviour. Maintenance of addictive behaviour: Repeated exposure to an addictive behaviour or substance causes reduced sensitivity to the dopamine release through a process known as down regulation. This means that more of the behaviour is needed to cause the same pleasurable psychological effect in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Stopping the behaviour altogether creates a state of disequilibrium in the dopamine system, and leads to withdrawal symptoms that can only be reduced by repeating the (now learned) behaviour. This disequilibrium, an increased need for dopamine stimulation, and the unpleasant withdrawal symptoms it causes now drive behaviour so that it is no longer pleasure (positive reinforcement), but the need to reduce withdrawal symptoms (negative reinforcement) that drives the addict’s behaviour. Relapse of addictive behaviour: When an addict finally manages to stop engaging in a behaviour or taking a substance, they are at risk of relapse. According to the dopamine model, relapse can be explained by addiction causing permanent brain changes that lead to lasting memories of the substance or behaviour. Environmental reminders of the addiction (e.g. being in a pub, watching horse racing, returning to a location where drugs were taken, being under stress) can release small amounts of dopamine, which in turn lead to the addicted person desiring a greater dopamine reward that can only be obtained by re-engaging in the addictive behaviour Evaluation for the dopamine model of addiction Support for the dopamine model of addiction: Support for the dopamine model comes from many experimental studies, such as  a study into the effects of ritaline (Volkow, 2001). Volkow gave a drug called ritalin to healthy volunteers and correlate their subjective experience of the drug with the density of dopamine receptors in their mesolimbic dopamine systems. Those that reported pleasurable feelings with ritalin had fewer dopamine receptors than those that hated its effects. This supports the theory that some people are more vulnerable to the effect of dopamine-releasing drugs than others. Neurochemical explanations ignore social factors: An important point to note is that neurochemical explanations for addiction (e.g. the dopamine model) ignore social and environmental factors that may also contribute to addictive behaviour. However, they can lead to effective treatments for addictions, e.g. replacing cigarettes with nicotine patches. Implications from animal research: Grant et al (1998) found that animals that lost social status also lost dopamine receptors, and offers therefore a possible explanation for social-class based addictions (e.g smoking in lower socio-economic groups). However, animal studies may not be generalisable to human addictive behaviour. Inevitability of dopamine sensitivity leading to addiction: The dopamine model suggests that reduced dopamine sensitivity, as caused by fewer dopamine receptors, inevitably leads to addictive behaviour. However, there is likely to be a complex interaction between an individual’s specific environment and whether or not dopamine sensitivity leads to addiction. A stimulating environment may provide enough dopamine reward to protect people from addiction, whereas a dull or boring environment may not (Volkow, 2003). Neurochemical explanations are reductionist: Neurochemical explanations for addiction reduce addictive behaviour to a simple variance in the structure of the dopamine system, and so ignore social and cognitive factors that can influence addictions. However they can lead to effective treatments, so in this case it is useful to be reductionist.

Friday, January 3, 2020

A Consumers Buying Behaviour Essay - 750 Words

A Consumers Buying Behavior A consumers buyer behavior is influenced by four major factors; cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. These factors cause consumers to develop product and brand preferences. Although many of these factors cannot be directly controlled by marketers, understanding of their impact is essential as marketing mix strategies can be developed to appeal to the preferences of the target market. When purchasing any product, a consumer goes through a decision process. This process consists of up to five stages; problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post purchase behavior. The length of this decision process will vary, ranging from a shorter†¦show more content†¦This explains the outside influences of others on our purchase decisions either directly or indirectly. PERSONAL factors include such variables as age and lifecycle stage, occupation, economic circumstances, lifestyle (activities, interests, opinions and demographics), personality and self concept. These may explain why our preferences often change as our `situation changes. PSCHOLOGICAL factors affecting our purchase decision include motivation (Maslows hierarchy of needs), perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. Other people often influence a consumers purchase decision. The marketer needs to know which people are involved in the buying decision and what role each person plays, so that marketing strategies can also be aimed at these people. (Kotler et al, 1994). initiator - the person who first suggests or thinks of the idea of buying a particular product or service. influencer - a person whose views or advice caries some weight in making the final buying decision. Decider - the person who ultimately makes a buying decision or any part of it. 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Section 1: Introduction (about 150 – 200 words) The study of consumer behaviour examines consumer’s methods of purchasing and divestment of possessions, labour, concepts or knowledge by people, associations and companies to fulfil their necessities and desires (Keller Kotler , 2011). This is significant to marketers because with a good knowledge base about